런던 교도소에서 극적으로 탈출했던 전직 영국 군인이 이란을 위한 스파이 활동 혐의로 유죄 판결을 받았습니다. 영국군 소속이었던 다니엘 칼리프(Daniel Khalife)는 이란 정보기관과 접촉하여 군사기밀을 넘겨주고 대가를 받은 혐의로 체포되었는데요. 지난해 9월에는 교도소 급식 차량 하부에 몸을 숨겨 탈옥에 성공했으나 3일간의 추적 끝에 검거되었습니다. 재판에서 칼리프는 자신의 행위가 영국에서 활동하는 이란 스파이들의 정보를 수집하기 위한 이중 첩자 활동이었다고 주장했습니다. <br>

Nationalism is sometimes an arbitrary concept. People have differing notions about it. Some people see it as a positive and necessary force for a nation to survive and succeed, while others see it as an obsolete idea. Time has proven that nationalism brings many good things to any nation that faces any kind of endeavor. Nationalism helps achieve economic, scientific, and technological advancements. It acts like glue that instills pride among people. Pride defines a nation’s identity and builds cooperation and unity.When people cooperate and are united, it is easier to stir progress and productivity in any kind of economic system. People who are united as one nation will conquer any crisis effectively and easily. Because nationalism is like glue, it also makes a nation steadfast, making the old adage, “United we stand, divided we fall,” true. On the contrary, it would be difficult for a nation to overcome national crises when its people are divided. Nationalism liberates the people. It frees the people from oppressive or colonial rule. Historically speaking, many countries gained independence because of the emphasis on nationalism. Furthermore, when a strong sense of nationalism is finally achieved by the people, it makes them less vulnerable to oppressive forces that previously controlled them. Although nationalism has been generally perceived as a positive force, it also has some demerits in a contemporary society. Nationalism is hardly relevant in the modern era. It used to be necessary for people to form tribes for survival’s sake. However, since a lot has changed, nationalism has become harmful. It encourages unnecessary conflicts between nations on the grounds of differences. In the 21st century, what people should celebrate instead are their similarities and common grounds. Extreme nationalistic movements could arise from too much emphasis on nationalism. Pride in one’s country sometimes makes people perceive other races as inferior, while perceiving their own as the supreme one. As a result, it could lead to racism and social prejudices that have no place in today’s multicultural settings. Nationalism can be used by the ruling class as a means for social control over the masses. Just like any type of ideology, it can be used by the ruling class to make the masses work towards a result that may only benefit a nation but not its people. For instance, the ruling class could take control of a nation’s mode of production by making use of its labor force to achieve an economic superpower status.

1. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳지 않은 것은?

In the United Kingdom, the judges for an essay writing contest have finally chosen the student ① they believe to be Britain’s most promising opinion writer. When ② questioned about how she developed into such a ③ skilled writer, the student said that lots of books gave ④ her to a broader perspective.

2. 우리말을 영어로 잘못 옮긴 것은?

① 나는 기쁘다기 보다는 안도했다.

→ I am not so much happy as relieved.

② 그 여행가방은 들고 다니기에 너무 무겁다.

→ The suitcase is too heavy to carry.

③ 이제는 그가 그의 실수를 인정할 때이다.

→ It is time he admits his mistake.

④ 그녀는 어머니의 생신을 잊은 것을 후회한다.

→ She regrets forgetting her mother’s birthday.